AiR intelligent tyre infrastructure
Launch machine

Carbon intelligence

A carbon ledger built to survive scrutiny

Measurement, reporting and verification for pressure-derived savings, with the boundary between claim and credit fixed in the data model.

Integrity hierarchy

Four levels, and only three of them are ours to issue

Confusing these levels is how carbon programmes lose credibility. AiR separates them permanently in the data model itself.

A

Measured Intervention Record

Verified machine data: pressure before, approved target, pressure after, device, calibration and timestamp.

Issued by AiR today

B

Avoided Emissions Estimate

Modelled tCO2e with methodology version, persistence window and confidence band.

Issued by AiR today

C

AiR Carbon Impact Certificate

Non-tradeable evidence certificate. Not an offset and not a credit.

Issued by AiR today

D

Registry-issued Carbon Credit

Only after approved methodology, validation, verification, registry issuance, additionality and no double counting.

Registry only

Methodology

How a single pressure correction becomes a defensible tonne

Nine steps, each attributable to a source class: measured, published, analysis or modelled.

  1. Baseline pressure state

    Measured

    Measured cold-equivalent pressure, or a temperature corrected reading with the correction recorded.

  2. Approved target

    OEM

    Manufacturer approved pressure for the confirmed vehicle and load configuration. No invented pressure at any point.

  3. Pressure deviation

    Measured

    Wheel by wheel and axle level deviation, retained per corner rather than averaged away.

  4. Energy response function

    Analysis

    Fuel or energy response by vehicle class and deviation band, taken from independently validated test data.

  5. Persistence window

    Analysis

    Conservative estimate of miles until the counterfactual driver would otherwise have corrected pressure.

  6. Avoided fuel or energy

    Modelled

    Baseline energy use minus project energy use over the eligible persistence window only.

  7. GHG factor

    Published

    UK Government conversion factor for the correct fuel and reporting year.

  8. Uncertainty deduction

    Conservative

    Confidence haircut for temperature, driving style, tyre condition, rebound and unobserved variables.

  9. Duplicate check

    Integrity

    Hash based control preventing the same vehicle session appearing in a certificate, a fleet report and a credit.

Session calculator

Modelled energy response2.70% excess fuel
Avoided fuel over window5.84 litres
Gross avoided emissions12.09 kgCO2e
Uncertainty haircut (35%)-4.23 kgCO2e
Net estimate for certification7.86 kgCO2e
Social value at Green Book£2
ModelledNot a credit

MRV ledger

Every session, every corner, every field

Carbon integrity is a data discipline before it is a market. This is the field set held per session.

Identity and privacySession ID; pseudonymous vehicle token; site; operator; consent basis; retention class
VehicleMake, model, variant; fuel or powertrain; approved tyre sizes; OEM load pressure table; axle configuration
TyresBrand and model; size; axle; optional tread and condition; smart cap sensor ID; temperature
MeasurementFL, FR, RL, RR before pressure; target; after pressure; tolerance; calibration certificate; device ID
UsageLoad class; occupancy; journey type; annual mileage band; fleet or consumer; long journey flag
CarbonBaseline method; response curve; persistence; fuel factor; avoided litres or kWh; tCO2e; uncertainty haircut
IntegrityDuplicate hash; anomaly flags; sample status; verifier; methodology version; change log
CommercialCertificate owner; project ID; vintage; eligible quantity; issued quantity; sold or retired quantity
SessionSiteVehicleFuelCornersDeviationLitresNet kgCO2eStatusHash
AIR-920411FRC-014 WatfordMedium hatchdiesel26%1.11.8verified0x9f1c31
AIR-920548FRC-041 LeedsCompact SUVpetrol413%3.24.3issued0x9f3980
AIR-920685DLR-007 SolihullLarge SUVpetrol420%5.47.2sampled0x9f56cf
AIR-920822FRC-088 CardiffExecutive saloondiesel48%1.93.1estimated0x9f741e
AIR-920959DLR-022 GlasgowPanel vanpetrol415%4.76.3measured0x9f916d
AIR-921096FRC-103 BristolPowered two-wheelerpetrol422%7.39.8verified0x9faebc
AIR-921233FRC-119 BelfastBattery electric hatchdiesel410%2.94.8issued0x9fcc0b
AIR-921370DLR-035 NewcastleEstatepetrol217%3.95.2sampled0x9fe95a
AIR-921507FRC-014 WatfordMedium hatchpetrol424%68.1verified0xa006a9
AIR-921644FRC-041 LeedsCompact SUVdiesel412%2.64.4issued0xa023f8
AIR-921781DLR-007 SolihullLarge SUVpetrol419%5.67.5sampled0xa04147
AIR-921918FRC-088 CardiffExecutive saloonpetrol47%2.22.9estimated0xa05e96
AIR-922055DLR-022 GlasgowPanel vandiesel414%3.86.3measured0xa07be5
AIR-922192FRC-103 BristolPowered two-wheelerpetrol421%7.510verified0xa09934
AIR-922329FRC-119 BelfastBattery electric hatchpetrol29%2.12.8issued0xa0b683
AIR-922466DLR-035 NewcastleEstatediesel416%3.35.4sampled0xa0d3d2
AIR-922603FRC-014 WatfordMedium hatchpetrol423%6.38.4verified0xa0f121
AIR-922740FRC-041 LeedsCompact SUVpetrol411%3.24.3issued0xa10e70
AIR-922877DLR-007 SolihullLarge SUVdiesel418%4.67.7sampled0xa12bbf
AIR-923014FRC-088 CardiffExecutive saloonpetrol46%22.7estimated0xa1490e
AIR-923151DLR-022 GlasgowPanel vanpetrol413%4.66.2measured0xa1665d
AIR-923288FRC-103 BristolPowered two-wheelerdiesel220%3.86.3verified0xa183ac
AIR-923425FRC-119 BelfastBattery electric hatchpetrol48%22.7issued0xa1a0fb
AIR-923562DLR-035 NewcastleEstatepetrol415%4.15.5sampled0xa1be4a

Simulated real-world data being used for demonstration purposes

Verification

Projects, sampling and independent review

AIR-P01

Forecourt pressure intervention, East of England

Boundary14 sites, consumer and light commercial
Monitoring periodJan 2026 to Dec 2026
StatusMonitoring, pre-validation

AIR-P02

Dealer network intervention, West Midlands

Boundary9 sites, franchised dealer forecourts
Monitoring periodMar 2026 to Feb 2027
StatusBaseline established

AIR-P03

Fleet duty of care cohort

Boundary3 operators, 2,410 vehicles
Monitoring periodApr 2026 to Mar 2027
StatusSampling in progress

Verification queue

Sessions in scope this period184,220
Sampling planStratified by site, vehicle class and deviation band
Sampled for review3,684 sessions, 2.0%
Exceptions raised41, of which 9 open
Common exceptionTemperature correction missing on ambient below 4C
Evidence pack statusPrepared for verifier, awaiting appointment of an approved VVB
VerifierNot yet appointed

Registry

Serials reserved, nothing issued

Stating zero issued units is not a weakness. It is the reason the rest of the ledger can be trusted.

Registry state

Programme routeUnder assessment. Verra VCS, Gold Standard and a new methodology proposal all in scope
Registry accountNot opened. Opens only after a programme confirms eligibility
Serial formatAIR-<project>-<vintage>-<sequence>, reserved but not issued
Issued unitsZero. No unit has been issued and none is offered for sale
Double issuance controlDuplicate session hash plus registry cross-check before any issuance request
Retirement recordsSchema in place, no retirements to date

Vintage matrix

2026 vintage, pilot cohort12,180 tCO2e eligible, 0 issued
2027 vintage, regional cohortProjected 84,000 tCO2e eligible, subject to validation
2028 vintage, national cohortProjected 410,000 tCO2e eligible, subject to validation
Geography splitEngland 71%, Scotland 12%, Wales 9%, Northern Ireland 8%
Verification statusVerified 38%, sampled 26%, estimated 36%

  1. 1. Evidence

    Gate: peer-reviewable protocol and conservative response curves

    Independent dynamometer and road testing linking pressure deviation to energy use by vehicle class.

  2. 2. Methodology design

    Gate: external methodology specialist review

    Project boundary, baseline, additionality test, leakage and rebound rules, MRV and uncertainty deductions.

  3. 3. Programme route

    Gate: programme confirms route and eligibility

    Assess a recognised programme or propose a new methodology under one.

  4. 4. Validation

    Gate: validation opinion

    Project Design Document and independent validation by an approved VVB.

  5. 5. Monitoring

    Gate: monitoring report and evidence pack

    Operate the network with calibrated equipment and auditable session data.

  6. 6. Verification

    Gate: verification opinion

    Independent VVB verifies the claimed reductions.

  7. 7. Issuance

    Gate: registry entry with no double issuance

    Registry issues serialised units under programme rules.

  8. 8. Trade or retirement

    Gate: settlement and retirement records

    Sell or retire units with claims controlled by usage and registry status.

Trade desk

Inventory, price board and position

Built now so that if and when issuance is approved, the commercial infrastructure is already audited.

Estimated

48,920 tCO2e

Modelled from measured sessions, pre-sampling

Sampled

31,460 tCO2e

Selected for verifier review under the sampling plan

Verified

18,740 tCO2e

Independently reviewed against the monitoring report

Eligible

12,180 tCO2e

Meets draft methodology boundary and additionality tests

Issued

0 tCO2e

Requires registry issuance under an approved programme

Available

0 tCO2e

Issued minus committed, sold and retired

Committed

0 tCO2e

Under forward agreement, subject to issuance

Retired

0 tCO2e

Retired for a named beneficiary with a stated claim

Price board

Reference low£10.00 / tCO2e
Reference central£25.00 / tCO2e
Reference high£50.00 / tCO2e
Social value, appraisal only£273.00 / tCO2e
Market feedNot connected. Licensed feed required before any executable price is shown

Eligible tonnes verified this cohort

Verified19k t
Eligible12k t
Issued0k t

Revenue sensitivity, £m per year, only if independently creditable

Capture shareAt £10/tAt £25/tAt £50/t
10%£2m£4m£8m
25%£4m£10m£21m
50%£8m£21m£42m
75%£12m£31m£62m
100%£16m£42m£83m

A pure sensitivity illustration. It is not a price forecast and not an assertion that AiR reductions are currently eligible for issuance.

Inventory dashboard

  • Estimated, verified, eligible tonnes
  • Issued, available, committed
  • Sold and retired positions

Order ticket

  • Buy or sell, quantity, limit price
  • Counterparty, project and vintage filters
  • Settlement date and fee schedule

Position and P&L

  • Gross proceeds
  • Verification and registry cost
  • Partner revenue share and net revenue

Retirement desk

  • Retire for a named beneficiary
  • Stated purpose and claim wording
  • Retirement certificate generated

Counterparty KYC

  • Organisation and beneficial ownership
  • Sanctions screening
  • Contracts and permissions

Risk

  • Methodology and validation risk
  • Concentration and counterparty exposure
  • Market price sensitivity

Certificates

Serialised evidence, honestly labelled

AIR-CERT-2026-000148

AiR Fleet Carbon Evidence Statement

412.6 tCO2e

BeneficiaryFleet operator, 2,410 vehicles
PeriodQ1 2026
MethodologyAIR-PRESSURE-MRV v0.4 (draft, pre-validation)
StatusIssued as evidence, not tradeable

AIR-CERT-2026-000149

AiR Fleet Carbon Evidence Statement

61.4 tCO2e

BeneficiaryLocal authority, 318 vehicles
PeriodQ1 2026
MethodologyAIR-PRESSURE-MRV v0.4 (draft, pre-validation)
StatusIssued as evidence, not tradeable

AIR-CERT-2026-000150

AiR Carbon Impact Certificate

0.148 tCO2e

BeneficiaryConsumer, single vehicle
Period12 months to Mar 2026
MethodologyAIR-PRESSURE-MRV v0.4 (draft, pre-validation)
StatusIssued as evidence, not tradeable

What every certificate carries

  • Serial number and issuing project
  • Beneficiary and vehicle or fleet scope
  • Monitoring period and vintage
  • Measured intervention count and corners corrected
  • Avoided litres and net tCO2e after the uncertainty haircut
  • Methodology version and effective date
  • Verification status, stated plainly
  • Public validation reference for independent checking

Approved unit names

AiR Verified Pressure InterventionAiR Avoided Emissions EstimateAiR Carbon Impact CertificateAiR Fleet Carbon Evidence Statement

Claims centre

Say this, never that

The words credit, offset, carbon neutral and net zero are not used for AiR generated units until an approved methodology and registry issuance support them. Environmental claims must be accurate, clear and substantiated.

Approved

Modelled fuel saving using methodology AIR-PRESSURE-MRV v0.4.

Prohibited

AiR saves every user 3% fuel.

Approved

Avoided emissions estimate, pre-verification, with a stated confidence band.

Prohibited

Carbon credits generated by AiR.

Approved

Measured pressure correction against the manufacturer approved target.

Prohibited

Carbon neutral driving.

Approved

Evidence certificate recording a verified intervention.

Prohibited

Offset your journey with AiR.

Approved

Eligible tonnes subject to validation and verification.

Prohibited

Net zero fleet through AiR.

Measured, reported, verified

An MRV ledger designed for scrutiny, not for marketing.