Digital twin
Scenario comparison
Ten preset scenarios across cars, EVs, vans and motorcycles, each showing the selected profile and the reasoning layers.
Simulated real-world data being used for demonstration purposes
AB12 CDE
2024 Example EV Crossover
Front target
39PSI
Rear target
43PSI
Layer 1 - manufacturer profile matched for 2024 Example EV Crossover (Dual Motor).
Layer 2 - wheel/tyre specification 235/50 R19 103W.
Layer 3 - approved heavy load profile selected (load index 6.70).
Layer 4 - tyres cold (17°C): readings comparable with cold specification.
Layer 5 - AiR safety rules: targets clamped inside the manufacturer envelope; no independent override.
Evidence base
Why these scenarios and not others
Each twin scenario isolates a variable that the literature identifies as first-order: axle load, temperature, tyre size, duty cycle and vehicle mass.
Temperature scenarios
Gas-law behaviour on absolute pressure gives the measurement offset between a warm and a cold tyre.2006
Cited on this page
- European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (2025). ETRTO Standards Manual - load capacity and inflation pressure tables. ETRTO, Brussels, annual edition.
- Gent, A. N. and Walter, J. D. (eds.) (2006). The Pneumatic Tire. US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 810 561.
- Pacejka, H. B. (2012). Tire and Vehicle Dynamics (3rd edition). Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier.
- Grosch, K. A. (2008). Rubber Abrasion and Tire Wear. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 81(3), 470-505.
These are published third-party sources, not AiR simulation. The full bibliography - peer-reviewed papers, reference monographs, government reports, international standards and official statistics - lives in the science lab.
Open the research and full bibliographyDigital twin
The same engine, run against every awkward case
The twin exists so the pressure logic can be interrogated rather than trusted. Change the vehicle, the load or the weather and watch the target, the reasoning and the safety clamp move together.
Scenarios modelled
0
Inputs per recommendation
0
Vehicle, occupants, cargo, journey, warm state, ambient, tyre temperature.
Deterministic replays
0%
Seeded simulation, identical output for identical input.
Targets outside the approved envelope
0
Every recommendation begins with the manufacturer table for that vehicle and tyre size. A load index is derived from occupancy and cargo, which selects the light, normal or laden column - never an invented value between them.
A temperature allowance is then applied to the measurement, not to the specification, so a warm tyre is not accidentally left under-inflated once it cools.
- Load index maps continuous inputs onto discrete approved columns
- Journey type biases towards the laden column for sustained motorway running
- Rear axle moves first on most passenger profiles as weight transfers rearwards
- The final target is clamped to the approved minimum and maximum
Questions